Manifold for internal-combustion engines



Feb. 24, 1931.

B. STOCKFLETH ET AL MANIFOLD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Filed April 29. 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet l (ji/cm B. sTocKFLETH ET Al. 1,793,527

MANIFOLD FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Feb. 24, 1931.

Filed Aprilv 29. v192e 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 YPatentzei Feb. 2.4, 1931`V V .nnnennsimocxrnnmm QEBERRIEN SPRINGS, AND1Ennnnnfoxlwtisnnsnn,for-ninas; d

A -MICH;GAN,. AssIGNoRs, To CLARK. Tenor MICHIGAN, A' consonancia on i noHiGAn nAmFoLn Fon c lINTERNA Application filed April 29.

y Y."he present invention relates to manifolds c sageway supplies heat to Va.-hotspot in said i v' preheatedbefore being supplied tothe carfor internal combustionV engines, and has forfits objectsto provide an improved' construction of .manifoldand cooperating partsfin which the intake manifold passageway and the exhaust manifold pas-v sageway areV both formedV as a unitary casting;` in which the exhaust manifoldpasintake manifold passageway' through a VWall common to `both .passagewaysg Ain which differentialk expansion Vof the two passageways is permitted; in whichv all tendency of the mixture-'to condense and puddle in .the intake .manifold passageway is eliminated land Vin which the incoming .air isiirst cleaned and buretor.

' ,Y .Referring to thevaccompanying drawings,

illustrating a preferred embodiment'of our invention:

Figure 1 ,1s va side `elevational View of an VinternalY vcombustion .engine with the mani-v manifold 9; are both'fornied as integral parts ofw'a single `casting designated 11 in its entirety. -As best shown in F ig. 2, both manifolds 8 and -9'are formed side by side in the same horizontal plane, with the exhaustY manifold 9 in proximity to the engine i12 and theV intake manifoldS disposed onrthe outer side thereof. Both manifold passageways are preferably ofl rectangular'cross section, ask shown inFigs. l and 5, this construction affording passageways of theV necessary cross sectional area in a relatively small unit and avoiding the use of `excess metal in vcasting .f both manifolds in unit form. l c Y Y i VExtending down-from the exhaust manifold 9 Patspaced pointsalong its length, are branch `connections 14 having ports 15 in the .ends l thereof adapted to be placedin regisof engines.

192e. seriali-NO 1975Q447-- anacrontoont12mm,A on B UCHANAN. n i

try 'with nie-.exhaust para@ the, Sdeo'frhe;

engineblock. vThe downwardly "curvingdis-V charge endfQy ofthe exhaust manifold-has a f .I

similar portVV 15. therein, four lofsuchl ports l-'jlffbeing `shown corresponding to afour 1 cylinder engine, although any numberof:

such ports maybe provided forv other types of engines; The discharge end 9 ofthe ex-v y haust manifold has a `bolting ange lfthe'ref on for bolting to the .flanged end ofthe.

ex'-A haust pipe 17 leading-.tothe muffler. l Y

' The branch* connections y14 all haveboltl-` l ing flanges-18 at theirendsfor Vreceivinfgrgf cap screws 19 which threadinto holesi-n theenf gine 1 block. These bolting iangesare preferably 'formed 'ini'.egral .with'thef' bolting connections", z-which latter connectionsvwill bepresently v'described.' A IThe end exhaustV port 151is-held incommunicati'on withrgthe corresponding Vcylinder port. by ,a similar boltingflange 21. i 1

The :intake manifold l8 Similarly g has 1 a plurality Y of branch Y connections .22 j provided with-ports 23 at`.thcir.ends adapted to'register with the intake Aports sin' the side. ofthe cylinder block. Twoof these intake branch Vconnections have been shown corresponding to standard practicefor fourlcylinder ven Y gines, both of thes'egbranch'connections lead ingv fromfthe extremeends of the manifold. Obviously, a larger number of branch "conf nections may A` be femployed .for other types c Attention` is directed tothe fact that both ofthese branch connections lead downwards' ly from the manifold passagewayS, whereby any fuel condensingl onpthe lwalls :of this manifold 8 will havej a ,gravitational flow down through these `branch connections to the engine ports. "This'avloids' ypuddling ofconLV densed fuel in the manifold,"and1hence min-iv -fiangeson the lends 'of thel intake branch. 'i

mizes loading inthe manifoldand sluggis ness in acceleration response. l f

The branch connections 22 lleadingfrom the intake manifold,'extend downwardly andun-Y der the exhaust manifoldY 9 andhave bolting flanges 24`at their endsfOr-receiving thecap screws 19. As clearly shown in Fig. 1,these two flanges 24 areformed integral With the l bolting flanges 18 of the exhaust branch con-v j preferably inclined or lstaggered relativeY to the other flanges, as shown in Figt 2,to space their cap screws`19 from the cap lscrewsof the adjacent flanges lll.VY The bolting flange 21 1slots.' This intervening web of metal-will ofthe end exhaust port is'preferably separated from the integral series flanges heretofore described. ,y y j I The mixture enters the intake manifold 8- through an inlet passageway 26 cored out in a projectingportion 27' formedV integrally with the front wallof theintake manifold intermediate its ends. This V'projecting portion has abolting flange 28 at its lower end, to which isv fastened the' carburetor 29.-,l The carburetor illustrated is of the vertical type, but it will be understood that if a horizontal typeof carburetor is ,to be used, the"carbu-y retor'mounting portion 27 would be formed with a straight horizontal passagewayv 26 and with a verticalbolting iiange. This inlet passageway 2 6 enters the intake manifold through the front'wall thereof, whereby the fuel entering the manifold, under the relatively'high velocity ofthe air stream, will b e caused to. impinge againstthe rear sidewall of the manifoldfin the zonerorj region generally indicatedvat 31. It is this Zone or area of the rear manifold .wallthat functions as a hot-spot for vaporizing the fuel particles impinging againstthe same. '..Heat is conducted to this hot-spotfromtheexhaust manifold by a commonwall which constitutes .the front wall of the exhaustmanifold,and the rear wall of the. intake manifold and which integrally unites bothmanifolds. "It will. be observed that the two manifolds'are l'only n joined by this section of common wall along a relatively short length of the intake'manifold, this joining portion into which the ad-r jacent walls of the -manifolds merge being confined tothe intermediate# portion vof the intake manifold substantially opposite the inlet passageway 26. The-ends of the intake manifold Vare separated fromfthe exhaust manifold by slots orA spaces 32 and 33. It is desirable to separate the ends 4of the intake manifold from the exhaust manifoldv in this manner, because ofthe differential expansions of the two manifolds. lThe intake manifold -is maintainedconsiderably cooler than the exhaust manifold-in consequence of the flow of combustible mixture therethrough and wehave found-thatif both manifolds are joined-along the entire length of the intake manifold there is the 'likelihood of the j casting cracking adjacent the ends of the intake manifold because of these differential expansions. These slots oropenings 32-33 may be formed in thecasting in the molding metall between the-inner ends of'-"these saw Y conduct suliicienth'ea't tothe hotspot-V31 to maintain it at an adequate fuel vaporizing temperatura it' rwill be noted that the outlet Vfromthe exhaust manifold is atl one end thereof, andthat the slot 32 adjacent such exhaust outlet is longer thanthevslot. 33' adjacent the opposite ends of the manifold, so

that the heating surface provided by the common wall or hot-spotl extends considerablyl furthento the right as viewed in Figi 2, i. e., away from the outlet end of the exhaust mani-` fold.` As the exhaust heat increases as each cylinderdischargesits exhaust into the exp haust passage,the greatest heat will bein the end of the exhaust passage nearest the outlet. Obviously, therefore, more heat will be available at the latter end, and consequentlythe slot is made shorter than thev slot 32 toallow more metal contactwherethe heat is the least, so 'that the incoming mixture will be heated as'nearly.- uniformly as possible to get the best distribution of the mixture to each cylinder. 1

. To'facilitate casting theunit, the endsof l the intake manifold 8 are left open in order that the core molds may be removed from such manifold through these open ends, which are thereafter pluggedyasby driving expanding plugs 35 into them. Y Y

rihe present invention alsoembodies*im-y before it enters the carburetor, this preheating means dra-wing its heat from the exhaust Anianifold 9. VThepair inlet 29 of the carj buretor 29'commun1cates through a short sec tion of conduit 36 with the discharge end of a stove orair preheating'conduit 37,' the latter having a flanged elbow 38 into which the end of the conduit 36 is extended. This air'preheating conduit 37 is mounted vertically at thefront end ofy the Ymanifold, being sup yported by apertured bosses 39 formed along opposite sides thereof. These bosses register with apertured bosses-41 extending forwardly from the bolting flange 18 of the end exhaust branch connection 14. Two relatively long cap screws 19 pass through alined openings in the bosses39 and 41 and thread into tapped holes in the ,cylinder block, 'thus rigidly holding the preheatin'g conduit? againstthe `end branch of the exhaust manifold, as clearly shown in Vl`i', 1g.'3.1 Tt willbe evident that the stove or conduit'37 will'thus absorb considerable heat from the exhaust y manifold,.but we lpreferablyl augment this provedmeans forl cleaning and preheatingair A heating actionof the stove yor conduit by so Constructing the same that air passing there through is deflected into direct heat absorbing contact With the exhaust manifold. As

shown in Fig. 3, conduit 37 is formed with a rearwardly projecting extension 42 having an open side which abuts directly against a fiat surface 43 formed onthe front wall of the Y exhaust branchll. At a point lopposite the surface 43, the conduit 37 is formedwith a transversely extending internal rib 44 which deflects the air flowing downwardly through ithe'conduit into heat absorbing contact with 1 the surface 4,3. The heat absorbing contact between the air and this heat absorbing surface 43 is only momentary, but this isample l 'f to preheat the air to the desired temperature, V it beingnoted that-the wall 43 is in the direct 't 2oA is mounted an air cleaner 46. The particular i form ofcleaner shown is of the self-cleaning 'i able that it be'supported in the erect position.

path of the exhaust gases issuing from the ex,-v

haust port of the engine.

The upper end of the -preheating conduit 37 is provided'with a flange or collar 45 on'whicl'i type, and formaximum efficiency it is desirshown. This erect mounting of the air cleanercooperates With the vertical position'of the haust manifold and results in a compact,

formance are essential.l In this particular ffi'eld it is also extremely desirable that the Y most complete combustion Vpossible ,be 0b- Y tained.

entirely in closed buildings and if combustion is faulty, the exhaust gases become exceedingly obnoxious. We have found that by pre- These vehicles are often employed lhea-ting the air in the manner described, and then vaporizing the heavy particles of fuel against the hot-spot 31, the mixture` enters lthe cylinders in a conditionymost conducive to y I complete combustion. Furthermore, as be-V fore described, there is'no possibility Vof the intake manifold' loading with accumulated charges of condensed fuel (because of the straight horizontal flight of the intake manifold and the downward' direction ofthe ,branch'coi'niections 22), and thus heavy exi f haust fumes usually resulting from a loaded Wish to be limited to the particularv details thereof except as they are defined in the more manifold are avoided.

The kparticular construction herein illustratedand described represents a preferredv embodiment of our invention, but we do not restricted of the following claims. =What-we claim as our invention, and delsire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States, is: Y

1. In combination, an intake manifold, an

`exhaust manifold having an outlet adjacent tof oneI end..thereof,xtheend portions of 'said manifolds bengspaced apart, andconnect-y inga wall?. 'integrali j oining; said "manifolds intermediately of t e V length thereof and furlv therfromtheexhaust outlet than-from the opposite end of the-'exhaust manifold, `said insaid.intake-manifold.

connecting wall conducting heat to a hot-spot 2. In combinatioma; unitary `casting,com@v vprising an intakeV manifold, and 'an 'exhaust manifold, ythe :adjacent walls yof ysaid vmani-j folds being vjoinedV intermediately by a V'conf-'f -1 necting web portion, theend portions of said` intakemanifold at oppositesidesof saidweb l 'i 180 Vseparated Vfrom saidfeizhaustj.manifold for-v Jortion, bein'O'. ojfwune uallenO-th and-bein@ D D 7 f3 differential expansion; j y 3. In combination, a unitarycasting, comf j prising Aan intake 1nanifold, and fanexh'aust manifold, disposed in substantially pa'rallel planes, the Outer wall of one'manifold being integrally joined intermediately toftheiinner lacs Y Wall'of therothei 'manifold through a.c'on-A nesting web 'porticinsaid connecting-web portion conducting heat" to a hot-spot .in the' in'- h'eends of themanifolds fordif` ferential eiqiztiisioii'.` Y l v i '4.v In" combination,intake andf'exhaust" manifolds; the outer wall of one nianifoldbe-v the othermanifold'and a slotin said conii'ectf ingswallfor separating the end-of 'one' offsaid manifolds-:from the/other manifold. z f' In 'combinatiom intake' `and `"exhaust ,manifolds disposedfin substantially the same horizontal plane, Vthe cuter wall of one manif rfold being integrally ij oined 't'o theV adjacent ',wallofthe-[other manifold andfslotsthrough .said connectingwallextendingfrom the endsthe'center thereof. f

of one of' said manifolds Ytolpoints adjacent 6. In combination, parallel' intake and ex- -haust 'manifolds having-their end Vportions ,spaced apart, branchjconnections extendingv from each "of said manifolds and b'olting -gisiVv ing :integrally Ajoined `tothe adj acentwaliof f V v Y Vflange means `at thei'ends ofjsaidibranchcon-V nections integrally joiningfsaid branch connections together. Y j l j f. Y

7.V In combination, parallel intake and exhaustmanifolds having theirend portions' 8. In, combination, a unitary cas-ting com-A `prising parallelintake andexhaust mani-A folds, having their end portions spaced apart, and branch connections V extending downwardly kfrom both of said Vmanifolds, the

iis 9 lspaced apart, branch conduits leading fromy each of'said manifolds for connection to the Y engine ports and'boltingflange means atithe j ends of'said branch conduits, said flange means being 'integrally joined between -ah plurality of said branch conduits.` Y

lower ends of'aV plurality of said Vbranch connections being integrally joined together.

,- 9. In combinatiomaunitary casting com-V 9o l' take manifold, and 'slots ofiinequalv length .separating t 4 j o* Laatst prising an intake manifold and an exhaust manifolddisposed in substantially the samev horizontalv plane, the outer wall of onemanifold being integrallyjoinedto the'inner 5 wall of theoth'er manifold through. a eon-l necting web portion, saidconneoting web portion conducting heat to a hot-spot in the' intake manifold, a slotin said connecting web A portion for separating theend of one of said lo manifolds from the `other manifold, and f ybranch connections leading from said intake manifold down under said exhaust manifold. 10. In oombinatioma unitary casting `com prising an kintalre manifold and anrexhaust manifold, an' inlet passageway having a bolt- Ving flange for connecting to a carburetor, said inlet passageway entering said `intake manifold through the outer side wall the1eof,"said Y manifolds being joined by a 'connecting web of metal disposed substantially opposite the point of entrance of said passageway into said manifold for creating a hot-sp0t in said intake manifold in line with said iniet pasp sageway, and slotsthrough said voonneotinof Y web extending from the ends of one of said Y manifolds to pointsl adjacent the vcenter v thereof. f v Y 11. In combination, intake and. exhaust manifolds, said exhaust manifold havingan m outlet adjacent fonei end thereof, an inlet passageway `having .a boltingflange aforv-ro'on-o neoting toa verticaltypeof carburetor, said inletpassageway entering said intakegnianifold through the outerside wall thereof, and means `creating a hot-spot onthe inner side wall ofsaid intake manifold opposite the point of entrance of ,said linlet passageway, and at a point furtherfrom said exhaust outu l a let than'from the opposite end of said exhaust mmanifoldy f Y BERGER STOGKFLETH. FREDERICK W BURGER.

45, Alle, 

